Assignments in IGNOU
We provide you, IGNOU Solved Assignment 2022-23 Free MHI-10 in PDF file. You can score 90+ marks.
IGNOU Solved Assignment Free 2022-23 MHI-10, If you are looking for IGNOU Solved Assignment 2022-2023 session for MA History. Then this is the right place for you. Because here I will provide you with IGNOU Solved Assignment Free 2022-23 MHI-10 in PDF file.
Last Date of Submission of Assignment
- July 2022 Session Students 30 April 2023 (Extended date)
- January 2023 Session Students 31 October 2023
IGNOU Solved Assignment 2022-23 Free
MHI10 (Urbanization in India)
Discuss
the layout and chief characteristics of Mohenjodaro.
Mohenjodaro is an ancient Indus Valley Civilization city located in modern-day Pakistan. The city was discovered in the 1920s by the archaeologist R.D. Banerjee and is considered to be one of the most important archaeological sites in the world. The name Mohenjodaro means "mound of the dead" in Sindhi, and it is thought to have been a major urban center during the Indus Valley Civilization, which flourished around 2600-1900 BCE.
|
Feature |
Description |
|
Urban
Planning |
Grid system
of streets and buildings, with the Citadel and Lower City as distinct areas |
|
Architecture |
Baked brick
buildings with elaborate designs and decorations, including terraced roofs |
|
Water
Management |
Sophisticated
system of wells, public baths, and underground drainage channels |
|
Art and
Sculpture |
Large number
of finely crafted stone sculptures, including the "Dancing Girl"
and "Priest-King" |
|
Trade and
Economy |
Hub of trade
and commerce, with evidence of long-distance trade with other civilizations |
The layout of
Mohenjodaro is characterized by its grid-like street pattern, which is one of
the earliest examples of urban planning in the world. The streets were straight
and ran parallel to each other, intersecting at right angles, and were divided
into blocks. The city was divided into two main parts: the citadel, which was
located on a raised platform, and the lower city, which was located on the
floodplain.
One of the
chief characteristics of Mohenjodaro is its advanced drainage system. The city
had a well-planned system of underground and surface drainage channels that
helped to prevent flooding during the monsoon season. The drainage channels
were made of brick and were covered with stone slabs, and they were connected
to a network of soak pits that helped to remove excess water from the streets.
Another chief
characteristic of Mohenjodaro is its large public buildings. The citadel area
of the city contained several large public buildings, such as the Great Bath,
which was used for ritual bathing, and the Granary, which was used for the
storage of grain. These buildings were constructed using advanced techniques
such as baked brick and stone masonry, and they were decorated with intricate
carvings and seals.
Mohenjodaro
also has a rich collection of private houses, which were typically made of
brick and had a central courtyard. These houses had several rooms, including a
kitchen, a bathroom, and a bedroom, and they were equipped with amenities such
as wells and bathrooms. They also had small courtyards and balconies that
provided natural light and ventilation.
Another
important feature of Mohenjodaro is its seals and seals impressions, which were
used for various administrative and religious functions. These seals have been
found at various locations in the city and provide important insights into the
social and economic organization of the Indus Valley Civilization.
In
conclusion, Mohenjodaro is an ancient Indus Valley Civilization city that is
known for its well-planned grid-like street pattern, advanced drainage system,
large public buildings, rich collection of private houses, and seals and seals
impressions. These features provide valuable insights into the urban planning,
architecture, and social and economic organization of the Indus Valley
Civilization, which flourished around 2600-1900 BCE. Mohenjodaro is considered
one of the most important archaeological sites in the world, and it continues
to be a source of fascination for researchers and historians alike.
Compare Bhir Mound with the Sirkap and Sirsukh cities of the Taxila valley.
The Taxila
valley in modern-day Pakistan is home to several ancient cities, including Bhir
Mound, Sirkap, and Sirsukh. These cities were all part of the ancient Gandhara
civilization, which flourished in the region from the 6th century BCE to the
5th century CE. Each of these cities has its own unique history, architecture,
and significance.
Bhir Mound,
also known as Bhir Mound Taxila, is located in the western part of the Taxila
valley. It is believed to have been the earliest of the three cities, dating
back to the 6th century BCE. The city was initially built as a small fortified
town, but it later expanded to become a major center of trade and commerce. The
main attraction of the Bhir Mound is the ruins of a large Buddhist stupa, which
was built during the 2nd century BCE. The stupa, which is one of the largest in
the Taxila valley, is believed to have been a major pilgrimage site for
Buddhists. Other notable features of the Bhir Mound include the ruins of a
palace, a temple, and a market.
|
City |
Age (approximate) |
Layout |
Architecture |
Religion |
|
Bhir Mound |
6th century BCE |
Fortified mound |
Buddhist stupas |
Buddhism and trade |
|
Sirkap |
2nd century BCE |
Gridiron |
Greek-style buildings |
Hellenistic and Buddhism |
|
Sirsukh |
1st century CE |
Traditional |
Buddhist stupas |
Buddhism and Kushan empire |
Sirkap, which
is located east of Bhir Mound, was built in the 2nd century BCE by the
Indo-Greek king Demetrius. The city was designed according to the principles of
Hippodamian town planning, which is a system of urban planning that emphasizes
the use of a grid-like street pattern. Sirkap was a major center of trade, commerce,
and culture, and it was also a major religious center for Buddhism. The city
was home to several large Buddhist stupas, including the Great Stupa of Sirkap,
which is believed to have been one of the largest stupas in the ancient world.
Other notable features of Sirkap include the ruins of a palace, a theater, and
a market.
Finally,
Sirsukh is located east of Sirkap and is believed to have been built in the 1st
century CE. The city was built by the Indo-Scythian king Maues, who was known
for his military prowess and his patronage of Buddhism. Sirsukh was a major
center of trade, commerce, and culture, and it was also a major religious
center for Buddhism. The city was home to several large Buddhist stupas,
including the Great Stupa of Sirsukh, which is believed to have been one of the
largest stupas in the ancient world. Other notable features of Sirsukh include
the ruins of a palace, a temple, and a market.
In conclusion, Bhir Mound, Sirkap, and Sirsukh are all ancient cities located in the Taxila valley in Pakistan. Each of these cities has its own unique history, architecture, and significance. Bhir Mound was the earliest of the three cities, dating back to the 6th century BCE, and it was a major center of trade and commerce. Sirkap was built in the 2nd century BCE by the Indo-Greek king Demetrius and was a major center of trade, commerce, and culture. Sirsukh was built in the 1st century CE by the Indo-Scythian king Maues and was a major center of trade, commerce, and culture.
0 Comments