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Last Date of Submission of Assignment
- July 2022 Session Students 30 April 2023.(Extended date)
- January 2023 Session Students 31 October 2023
IGNOU Solved Assignment Free MHI04,
2022-23
Write a note on early Tamil polity as described in Sangam literature.
The Sangam literature is a
collection of Tamil literature from ancient South India, dating from around 300
BCE to 300 CE. This literature provides valuable insights into the early Tamil
polity as it existed during this period.
According to Sangam
literature, the early Tamil polity was made up of three tiers: the central
government, headed by a king; the local chieftains, known as
"muvendar"; and the common people. The king was the ultimate
authority and had the power to appoint and dismiss the chieftains. The
chieftains, in turn, were responsible for maintaining law and order in their
regions and collecting taxes.
The Sangam literature
describes the kingdom as being divided into a number of provinces, each ruled
by a governor appointed by the king. These governors were responsible for the
administration and defense of their provinces, and they had the power to
collect taxes and maintain their own armies.
|
Feature |
Description |
|
Political organization |
Multiple small kingdoms or chieftaincies known as
"mandalams" or "nadus" ruled by local chiefs or kings
known as "vellalar" or "udaiyar". |
|
Administration |
Chiefs had significant powers and responsibilities in governing their
territories including maintenance of law and order, collection of taxes, and
provision of justice. |
|
Social structure |
Presence of an assembly known as "kurinji" or
"vatakkiruttal" comprised of representatives of various clans and
tribes in the kingdom. Assembly had the power to elect or depose kings and make decisions on
matters of public importance. |
The king's army was made up
of various units, including elephants, chariots, and foot soldiers. The king
also had a council of ministers, known as the "Perundevan" who
assisted him in the administration of the kingdom.
The king was also responsible
for maintaining relations with other kingdoms and engaging in diplomacy and
trade. The Sangam literature describes a number of wars between different Tamil
kingdoms and also with the neighboring kingdoms of the north.
The Sangam literature also
provides insights into the social and economic aspects of the early Tamil
polity. It describes a society that was divided into four social classes: the
Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras. The Brahmins were the priests and
scholars, the Kshatriyas were the warriors and rulers, the Vaishyas were the
merchants and farmers, and the Shudras were the laborers.
The Sangam literature also
describes a system of land ownership, in which the king and the chieftains
owned large estates, while the common people were tenants. The land was worked
by the common people, and they paid a portion of their produce as taxes to the
king and the chieftains.
In conclusion, the Sangam literature provides valuable insights into the early Tamil polity as it existed during the period of 300 BCE to 300 CE. According to the literature, the early Tamil polity was made up of three tiers: the central government, headed by a king; the local chieftains, known as "muvendar"; and the common people. The kingdom was divided into provinces, each ruled by a governor appointed by the king. The king had a council of ministers, known as the "Perundevan" who assisted him in the administration of the kingdom. The society was divided into four social classes: the Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras. The literature also describes a system of land ownership, in which the king and the chieftains owned large estates, while the common people were tenants.
Read More..IGNOU Solved Assignment Free MHI01- 2022-23
Analyze the various
approaches to the study of the early medieval polity.
There are several approaches
to the study of early medieval polity, each with its own strengths and
limitations.
One approach is the
traditional political history approach, which focuses on the political
institutions and events of the period, such as the rise and fall of kingdoms
and empires, the actions of monarchs and nobles, and the formation and
evolution of political systems. This approach can provide a detailed
understanding of the political landscape of the period, but it may neglect
important social and economic factors that shaped the development of early medieval
polities.
Another approach is the
socio-economic approach, which emphasizes the role of social and economic
factors in shaping early medieval political systems. This approach focuses on
the interactions between different social groups, such as the nobility, the
peasantry, and the clergy, and the ways in which economic factors, such as
trade and resource production, influenced the development of political systems.
This approach can provide a more nuanced understanding of the period, but it
may neglect the impact of specific political events and institutions.
A third approach is a
cultural approach, which emphasizes the role of culture and intellectual
developments in shaping early medieval political systems. This approach focuses
on the ways in which ideas, beliefs, and values influenced the actions of
political actors and the development of political systems. This approach can
provide insight into the mentalities and ideologies of the period, but it may
neglect important material factors that shaped the development of early
medieval polities.
A fourth approach is a
comparative approach, which compares the development of early medieval
political systems across different regions and cultures. This approach can
provide insight into the similarities and differences between early medieval
polities and can help to identify common patterns and processes in their
development. However, it may neglect the unique characteristics of individual
polities and the specific historical and cultural contexts in which they developed.
A fifth approach is an
interdisciplinary approach, which combines elements of multiple approaches to
study the polity. This approach can provide a more comprehensive understanding
of the development of early medieval political systems by taking into account
the various factors that shaped them, including political, social, economic,
cultural, and comparative perspectives. However, it may be challenging to
integrate the different perspectives and to ensure a coherent and consistent
analysis.
|
Approach |
Description |
Focus |
|
Traditional political history approach |
Focuses on the political structures and events of early
medieval societies, such as the formation of states, the role of rulers, and
the interactions between different political entities. |
Political structures and events |
|
Socio-economic approach |
Explores the economic and social dynamics of early
medieval societies, including the distribution of wealth, social
stratification, and the production and exchange of goods. |
Economic and social dynamics |
|
Cultural approach |
Emphasizes the cultural and religious practices of
early medieval societies, including literature, art, religion, and language. |
Cultural and religious practices |
|
Comparative approach |
Compares the early medieval polities to other
historical or contemporary societies, often with the aim of identifying similarities
and differences. |
Comparisons with other societies |
|
Interdisciplinary approach |
Draws on insights and methods from multiple academic
disciplines, such as history, archaeology, linguistics, and anthropology, to
develop a more comprehensive understanding of early medieval polities. |
Multiple academic disciplines |
In conclusion, each approach has its own strengths and limitations, and different approaches can provide different insights into the study of the early medieval polity. A combination of approaches may be necessary to provide a comprehensive understanding of the political systems of the period.
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